A decent living for all people and better protection of nature and climate aren’t conflicting targets, a new scientific analysis highlights. Development goals such as reduced poverty and inequality, better health and education, and a secure supply of food and energy on the one hand interact closely with stabilizing the climate and preserving biodiversity on the other. Only together can these goals be achieved, shows a report by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) for the German Environment Ministry on the occasion of the Stockholm+50 summit which is starting today.

“If we heat up Earth and destroy nature, this will directly threaten our prosperity and livelihoods, and the poorer people in our country and worldwide will be particularly hard hit,” explains lead author Bjoern Soergel. “Climate impacts such as weather extremes or consequences of nature degradation increase risks for example to agriculture, affecting farmers’ incomes, food prices, and ultimately everyone’s nutrition and health.”

Conversely, putting a price on CO2 emissions and phasing out climate-damaging fossil fuel subsidies can both reduce emissions, thus limiting warming, and generate government revenues. These revenues can be used to make direct cash transfers to people to compensate for rising energy and food prices; in Germany, for instance, this could lead to a net financial gain for the poorer half of the population. Especially in countries of the global South, carbon pricing revenues can also finance urgently needed investments in infrastructure, health care or education.

Further, if the right incentives were set in food and agricultural policy, for instance towards a diet with less meat, less land consumption, lower emissions and less use of artificial fertilizers, this could ultimately benefit everyone: healthy people on a healthy planet.

Carbon pricing could reduce emissions and generate revenue needed to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals

“None of this is simple,” emphasizes co-author Ottmar Edenhofer, director of PIK. “Fifty years after the UN Stockholm Summit on the Human Environment, the challenges of equitable sustainable development are more pronounced than ever. However, our model calculations also show the opportunities of strong and comprehensive climate, environmental and social policies. In some countries, for instance India, carbon pricing could raise a good portion of the funds needed to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals. On the other hand, many African countries in particular  need billions of euros in support of this.”

“We have to acknowledge that there is no free lunch,” Edenhofer concludes. “Either we continue paying for the damage to climate and nature, and ultimately for human suffering. Or we start to pay for the solutions.”


Policy paper: see attachment, weblink https://doi.org/10.48485/pik.2022.003

Weblink to Stockholm+50: https://www.stockholm50.global/

The Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) is one of the leading research institutions addressing relevant questions in the fields of global change, climate impacts and sustainable development. Natural and social scientists work closely together to generate interdisciplinary insights that provide a sound basis for decision-making for society, businesses and politics. PIK is a member of the Leibniz Association.